1. Background
Numerous artists, deeply committed to their clients' health and safety, have raised questions about the potential impact of azo dyes on well-being. For this article, we collated insights from 21 experienced Powder Brows artists, each with over four years of professional experience. Our initial objective was to grasp these artists' perspectives on the issue. We consulted with a dermatologist and two chemists to augment our findings, forming an expert panel. This approach aimed to assess the artists' views critically and develop a more thorough understanding of the implications and safety concerns associated with azo dyes in pigmentation.
Wider Context
Azo dyes are distinguished by their azo groups, which consist of two nitrogen atoms connected by a double bond — picture it as two nitrogen atoms joining forces tightly.
These dyes are prominent in the industry, constituting about 60-70% of all dyes utilized across various sectors. To illustrate their prevalence, over 2,000 distinct azo dyes are available today. They are employed for coloring various materials, including natural fibers like cotton, silk, and wool and synthetic items such as plastics and rubbers. They're also found in paints and varnishes. Their most common applications include textiles like sportswear, swimsuits, underwear, hats, and towels; leather goods such as handbags, wallets, chair covers, and leather jackets; accessories like wristwatch straps, wigs, gloves, and sleeping bags; and in the cosmetic industry as colorants in pigments.
Why are azo dyes so ubiquitous?
The straightforward answer is their cost-effectiveness and ease of application. Additionally, they deliver vibrant, eye-catching colors. From bright red apparel to vividly colored plastics, azo dyes are often behind the scenes. As a result, despite regulatory differences across regions, using azo dyes remains an attractive option, particularly in many Asian countries, where their application continues to be widespread.